In Euripdes play medea Essay

In Euripides play Medea, the character of Medea is normally portrayed as being both hyper and fiendish. I do concur that all through the play Medea demonstrates herself to be hyper individual and submits various â€Å"wicked† acts, however I don't accept that she as much insidious as she is flimsy, there are numerous different variables that should be considered. Medea is a solid influential lady in a period and society where lady were viewed as powerless and didn't have a voice. All through the play Medea is appeared as being totally other, she has heavenly powers and is from a distant land, and will do anything she feels fit for what she accepts to be correct, regardless of whether these demonstrations could be viewed as devilish â€Å"a outside lady coming among new laws, new traditions, needs the expertise of magic†. The men around her all through the play treat her diversely because of this â€Å"otherness† less regarding her however not conversing with her as he would an Athenian lady. Before the play is set Medea has carried out various monstrous violations; executing her own sibling so as to get away from her dad and constraining the girls of Pelios into slaughtering their own dad after he wronged Jason. While it is hard, particularly from a cutting edge viewpoint, to in any capacity legitimize these demonstrations, one can likewise observe that she doesn't perpetrate these violations for reasons unknown, she doesn’t execute haphazardly and at no time in the play does Medea propose she enjoys the demonstration of closure an actual existence. It appears that rather she acts as she believes she should to do what is vital regardless of whether that includes murdering the individuals who contradict or hurt her. As I would see it this appears to such an extent as devilish as intellectually temperamental. All through the play Medea acts in a manner that is hyper, unmistakably every one of everyone around her are stressed over her perspective. Indeed, even Her own attendant, somebody who might have realized Medea personally having raised her and gone to Greece with her, apprehensions what Medea may do causing specific to notice what she may do to her kids in order to get retribution on Jason â€Å"I’ve watched her watching them like a wild bull†. Creon, King of Corinth and father of the lady for whom Jason has left Medea for, fears that Medea may wish to make hurt him and his own and because of this dread intends to banish Medea â€Å"My blood runs cold to think what plots you might be nursing profound inside your heart†. Now in the play in spite of the anticipation being manufactured it is difficult for one not to feel sorry for Medea’s predicament, her better half has deserted her, she has no family to go to so without her spouses bolster a desolate greek lady would have had little method of supporting herself in a way that was decent particularly on the off chance that she had been banished. Medea’s perspective is one of incredible strife, for the initial scene of the play we don't see Medea herself rather Medea is heard bemoaning her destiny, another case of Medea’s craziness. Many accept that that Jason was exclusively answerable for Medea’s numerous insidious deeds. On the off chance that Medea had never met Jason than she would have never left her family, never murdered her sibling and never needed to live in a general public in which she is a social outsider. All that she did was accomplished for Jason, she is an enthusiastic lady and her adoration for Jason was serious her medical caretaker portraying her as being â€Å"mad with love† and Jason’s traitorousness. Separation was normal in Greek society and at one point in the play the theme, who all through had been on Medea’s side, accept she is carrying on in a way that is too sensational â€Å"this thing is regular why let it outrage you†, yet as I would see it that for a lady who was at that point flimsy, Jason’s savage selling out and Creon’s oust was sufficient to have drive Medea to the brink â€Å"I will strike dead dad little girl, and my husband†. Jason leaves Medea and her kids for another lady, two reasons are given for this disloyalty Jasons guarantees that he wanted for a spouse that would be politically worthwhile â€Å"What more fortunate possibility might I be able to have met, than marriage with a King’s daughter,† and Medea’s nurture, who disdains Jason, asserts that it was on the grounds that Jason needed a more youthful prettier young lady â€Å"Jason is a detainee in a princess’s bed†. Whatever the explanation Jason relinquishes Medea and her youngsters in a barbarous manner, Jason claims he intended to help her and her kids â€Å"It isn't for any ladies that I have made this illustrious marriage, however as I have just said to guarantee your future†. Anyway he doesn't make any make reference to of this until after Medea has been ousted and he no longer intends to offer this help. All of Medea’s violations are submitted by method of a discipline for selling out her. She is in any event, ready to slaughter her own youngsters to rebuff Jason in spite of her adoration for them, she is persuaded that it is the main way that she can genuinely rebuff Jason is by murdering those he loves†This is the best approach to bargain Jason the most profound wound†. No doubt there is as yet a piece of Medea that adores Jason as she doesn't just slaughter him. Notwithstanding Medea’s inspiration and defense for her wrongdoing, there is no staying away from the way that Medea’s activities are underhanded, she executed her own youngsters, who had never at any point effectively hurt her and who cherished her and confided in her â€Å"what have they to do with their father’s wickedness†. She additionally executed Creon whose solitary wrongdoing was to wish to ensure his girl â€Å"I’d rather make you my foe now, than debilitate, afterwards pay with tears†, even Glauce in spite of being the lady who Jason left Medea for, was not really to blame she didn’t picked Jason she was offered it was her obligation to wed the man picked for her. From the very beginning we realize that Medea is arranging some kind of vengeance which in Greek society was completely worthy, yet even they would consider her to be as being inexcusably fiendish. The crowd, as the play advances, change from feeling sorry for Medea ,to feeling sorry for Jason, Jason has throughout the years utilized Medea for his own benefit, however no one has the right to lose their own kids â€Å"killed my children? the words slaughter me† . Medea’s vengeance is legitimized yet she takes it to far, demonstrating herself to be both hyper and devilish. All in all, it is conceivable to state that Medea is hyper, she executes each one of those that hinder her, and any that she needs to so as to finish her vengeance. In spite of this it appears to be difficult to depict her as being totally abhorrent, while she has slaughtered many, she doesn't murder haphazardly, she just execute those that have wronged her, and she never slaughters for joy. So while she is without a doubt perilously shaky and able to do genuinely insidious acts, I don't think she is really malicious.

One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest Essay -- essays research papers

One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest The criticalness of the title can be deciphered in this statement. The story is about a battle in a mental ward, where numerous “cuckoos'; live, “Ting. Shiver, shiver, tremble toes, she’s a decent angler, gets hens, puts ‘em in pens… wire blier, flexible lock, three geese inna flock… one flew east, one flew west, one flew over the cuckoo’s nest… O-U-T spells out… goose dips down and culls you out.'; This is the place the title originates from, the cuckoo’s home being the mental ward and McMurphy being the goose who culls “you'; out. The writer of this book is Ken Kesey, additionally writer of Demon Box and Sometimes a Great Notion. Kesey was conceived in La Junta, Colorado. He moved on from the University of Oregon, and later contemplated a Stanford. Kesey was leader of a gathering called The Merry Pranksters, who went around the nation organizing happenings. Kesey’s energetic disposition is reflected in the fundamental character, McMurphy, who is frequently pulling tricks in the mental ward. The mistreatment of society is a major topic in the novel. The storyteller (Chief Bromden) frequently considers how the Combine is dominating. The Big Nurse is forever discontent except if there is finished request in her ward. She frequently holds bunch gatherings, in which she puts down her patients to where they are only bunnies, and not men. Frequently, when a patient would act provocative, she would put him in Disturbed. There was consistently the danger of Electro-stun treatment, and even lobotomy. The best way to escape the ward was in the event that you surrendered your character and adjusted to her guidelines. A large portion of the patients who are in the ward were constrained there as a result of the abuse they looked outside of the clinic. Boss Bromden’s father was the head of his town. The legislature was attempting to push him off his property, and in spite of the fact that he attempted to keep up his lifestyle, his kin were being paid off, and his significant other would take a shot at him as well, until all he became was a smashed, uncouth man. Harding (another patient) submitted himself since he couldn’t take society’s index finger pointing at him, while millions recited, “Shame, disgrace, disgrace!'; Even at the peak of the novel, McMurphy wasn’t following up on his own. “We could... ...night, need to slither around on all fours inclination underneath the springs till I discover my gobs of gum stuck there. No one whines about the haze. I know why, presently; as awful as it seems to be, you can slip back I it and fell safe. That’s what McMurphy can’t comprehend, us needing to be protected. He continues attempting to drag us out of the haze, out in the open where we’d be anything but difficult to get.'; – Chief Bromden remarking on the mist. This statement shows the mist, which represents disarray and naivete of the patients. Numbness is rapture to these individuals and it’s hard for McMurphy to get that. “Old Rawler. Cut the two his nuts off and seeped to death, sitting right on the can in the restroom, about six individuals with him didn’t realize it till he tumbled off to the floor, dead. What makes individuals so anxious is the thing that I can’t figure; all the person needed to do was pause.'; – Chief Bromden thinking about the dead person. This statement helps set the disposition for the novel and a significant number of the patients. They appear to have a jail like mentality, with disdain and negativity. It additionally shows that the ward is anything but a decent spot to live; sort of discouraging.

Students are their own best teachers Essays - Teaching, Educators

Understudies are their own best instructors Essays - Teaching, Educators Pursue Payne 1 English 1000 27 Sept, 2015 Understudies are their own best instructors. Concur or oppose this idea? As I would like to think I do accept that understudies are their own best educators. Regardless of if it's preparing kraft supper or driving a norm vehicle, sure someone can tell you the best way to do it however its at last dependent upon yourself to rehearse what's more, build up those abilities. In the absolute starting point of human life when there was no general public like today or industrialization just people adjusting to their environmental factors, how would you think the first fire began? There wasnt a manual or web to turn upward and perceive how it was finished, men/ladies needed to experience experimentation until they made sense of how to make a fire. Clearly todays society is totally different from those days however the way that understudies need to learn for themselves isnt. Truly an educator can show you a million unique things a million distinct occasions, however, in the event that the understudy doesnt take this information and put forth a concentrated effort, at that point in what capacity will they ever learn anything? For instance say an understudy was in a math class and the instructor was indicating the class the most effective method to include, simply straightforward expansion like 1+1 or 3+3. At that point the understudy gets doled out schoolwork and doesn't do it, at that point returns to class the following day and there is a test on what was assume to be accomplished for schoolwork and comes up short since he didnt practice despite the fact that the educator gave him how to do it. Understudies are their own best instructors can apply to a bigger number of things than simply the school or college settings, it can apply to nearly anything in life that could require lessons. Just the understudy knows their own capacity, in saying this regardless of what number of lessons the understudy has it is Payne 2 up to the understudy to place in the work and take care of business. An educator is never a supplier of truth he is a guide, a pointer to reality that every understudy must discover for himself this is a statement from Bruce Lee a notorious combative techniques educator, who has had a lot of understudies. Understudies are their own best educators in the manner that they gain from their own encounters. In the event that you accomplish something again and again and continue getting similar outcomes then after for a spell you will understand that there is something that should be changed. A case of this is if you were in a kitchen and your mom or father was utilizing the oven and you conclude it would be a shrewd plan to contact the oven. Not long after contacting the oven you are unexpectedly surpassed with torment, from this experience you realize that next time someone is utilizing the oven you will keep your hands far away. It is extremely unlikely to show everything, a few things you gain as a matter of fact and what you do with this information is up to yourself. There are things in life that you dont get instructed and you simply need to live and learn. That is the reason its essential to get yourself and your encounters in light of the fact that no educator can assist you with these things. No one but you can realize what's bravo, whats terrible for you, and what you like and abhorrence. Encounters can help you in school too, for instance in the event that you dont concentrate for a test and you come up short, at that point clearly next time there is a test you will consider and plan yourself with the goal that you dont need to meet that destiny once more. Gaining from encounters and missteps as I would see it are the most ideal approaches to learn on the grounds that you have lived it so it will shape you. What direction it shapes you is completely up to the decisions you make and no instructor can assist you with that. Finally understudies are their own best instructors in light of the way that the understudy is the one in particular that realizes what theyre prepared to do. In saying this what I mean is you know your own Payne 3 strategies for the things you show improvement over any other person does. Individuals can reveal to you various various approaches to get things done, yet its up to yourself to pick the one that best fits you. Again i'm not saying that having an instructor isnt valuable since it unquestionably is, yet for instance in a class with a course book you dont need an instructor there. You can

Michelangelo Merisi de Caravaggio and his artwork - 550 Words

Michelangelo Merisi de Caravaggio and his artwork (Research Paper Sample) Content: Michelangelo Merisi de Caravaggio and his artworkInsert name:Institutional affiliation:Due date:Baroque art is the artwork associated with the Baroque cultural movement, which is identified with catholic revival and the Counter-Reformation. Baroque art started during 1600 and continued in the entire 17th century and early 18th century. Mariah (2004) explains that religious conflicts, which had started during renaissance with the reformation and Counter-Reformation, occurred until 17th century. The religious conflicts between the Protestants and Catholics had a significant impact on art. Baroque art was a new form of art happened in a new era of the high renaissance period (Kieran, 2004). Baroque art applied various styles to create stormy, rich decoration, exceedingly emotional, stark lightening, sensual, bursting with energy, strong curves and more dynamic masterpieces. Caravaggio was a product of Baroque art of the high renaissance. He used realistic approach in pai nting human figures. He painted directly from life experience and dramatically spotlit to create contrast against a dark background. Caravaggio developed a new chapter in the painting history, which amazed his contemporaries. His painting style was easily recognized because the artist emphasized on intense chiaroscuro, co-extensive space and realism. Caravaggios career was promoted when Cardinal Del Monte commissioned him to design artwork in the Cardinals court (Borchgrave, 2000). It was a time when Catholic Church created great building artwork as Counter-Reformation efforts and developed decorations and furnishings particularly in countries such as Flanders, Germany, Spain and Italy. Caravaggio painted for the Cardinal and got more connections from rich collectors and patrons in Rome who gave him commissions to paint. His work focused mainly on religious scenes. His artistic composition was more complex and incorporated several characters. The commission Caravaggio obtained from Cardinal Del Monte motivated him to create several religious works with more complex and larger designs.The conversion on the journey to Damascus is one of the best artwork created by Caravaggio. He designed this masterpiece at the church of Saint Maria de Poppolo in Rome during 1601.The artwork illustrates the biblical scene showing how Saul the Pharisee received his conversion. Jeffrey (2010) says that prior his conversion, Sauls task was to persecute people who declared themselves as Christians. Saul was on his journey to the city of Damascus to persecute Christians there. As Saul neared Damascus on his way, a sudden light flashed around him. In the painting, Saul is on the ground; he is shocked while his eyes are closed because of the light coming from heaven. He became temporally blind, and his arms suggest needing help.There are three characters in the picture: an angle, the horse and Saul. Saul is extremely shocked and in fear because Jesus has just talked to him. The mood of the painting is horrific. Saul the Pharisee is unconscious and shocked; he cannot explain what he is experiencing. Saul closed his eyes because he is stunned by the dazzling brightness of Gods light. The streams of Gods light pass down through the white part of the skewbald horse. Concerning space, the artist placed too much happening at the base of the composition. Too many feet cramped together leave alone Sauls spread arms and discarded sword. Saul is struck by brilliant light and heard the voice of Jesus claiming, Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me? The presence of the horse is important since Saul was using it to journey to Damascus city (Mansfield, 2002). The horse looks at his master wondering what just occurred. Paul, who was proudly driving the horse, is now on the ground. This shows that human aspects are not supernatural. People may plan their actions, but Gods dictate is the final say. The horse symbolizes power and strength. According to Goldie and Schellekens (2007), riding a horse means pride and Saul was self-assured of his action. The conversion depicted here is a complete inversion, and nobody could expect such a thing to happen. This was a miracle from heaven bringing lightness in darkness of the world. Saul became blind for him to experience the death of senses so that to see the new light from Gods power. The conversion of saint Paul reminds Christians to allow themselves be formed by Jesus. It is death, but it is a way of receiving the resurrection. Jesus did not punish Saul the Pharisee but commissioned him to become one of the apostles. After Saul, the Pharisee experienced the shocking reality; he later claimed to have seen Jesus Christ in a vision. This was a time when Saul became Saint Paul, the apos...

Periods of the Paleozoic Era

Psychodynamic Perspective, Behavioral and Social Cognitive...

Compare and contrast the various personality theories: Psychodynamic perspective, Behavioral and Social Cognitive perspective, Humanistic perspective, and Trait perspective) and discuss which perspective you think is most applicable. Support your argument (based on what you learned, examples, etc). Psychodynamic Perspectives- view personality as being primarily unconscious and as developing in stages. Psychodynamic theorists believe that behavior is merely a surface characteristic and that to truly understand someone’s personality we have to explore the symbolic meanings of behavior and the deep inner workings of the mind. These ideas were sketched by the architect of psychoanalytic theory-Sigmund Freud. Most psychodynamic†¦show more content†¦Because behaviorist believe that personality is learned and often changes depending on experiences and situations, it follows that, by rearranging experiences and situations, the individual’s personality can be changed. Social Cognitive perspective- states that behavior, environment and cognitive factors, such as thoughts, memories, and expectations, are important in understanding personality. Like the behavioral approach of Skinner, the social cognitive view relies on empirical research in studying personality. But this research has focused not just on observable behavior but also on the cognitive factors that influence what we are like as people. Alber Bandura and Walter Mischel are the main architects of social cognitive theory. Humanistic perspective- Stresses that a person’s capacity for personal growth, freedom to choose one’s own destiny, and positive human qualities. Humanistic psychologists believe that each of us has the ability to cope with stress, to control our lives, and to achieve what we desire. Each of us has the ability to break through and understand ourselves and our world; we can burst the cocoon and become a butterfly, say the humanists. 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KING HENRY VI, PART II monologue from the play by William Shakespeare Essay Example For Students

KING HENRY VI, PART II monologue from the play by William Shakespeare Essay A monologue from the play by William Shakespeare YORK: Anjou and Maine are given to the French,Paris is lost; the state of NormandyStands on a tickle point now they are gone.Suffolk concluded on the articles,The peers agreed, and Henry was well pleasedTo change two dukedoms for a dukes fair daughter.I cannot blame them all. What ist to them?Tis thine they give away, and not their own.Pirates may make cheap pennyworths of their pillage,And purchase friends, and give to courtesans,Still revelling like lords till all be gone,While as the silly owner of the goodsWeeps over them and wrings his hapless handsAnd shakes his head and trembling stands aloofWhile all is shared and all is borne away,Ready to starve and dare not touch his own.So York must sit and fret and bite his tongueWhile his own lands are bargained for and sold.Methinks the realms of England, France, and IrelandBear that proportion to my flesh and bloodAs did the fatal brand Althaea burntUnto the princes heart of Calydon.Anjou and Maine both given unto the French?Cold news for me! for I had hope of France,Even as I have of fertile Englands soil.A day will come when York shall claim his own;And therefore I will take the Nevils parts,And make a show of love to proud Duke Humphrey,And when I spy advantage, claim the crown,For thats the golden mar k I seek to hit.Nor shall proud Lancaster usurp my right,Nor hold the sceptre in his childish fist,Nor wear the diadem upon his head,Whose churchlike humors fits not for a crown.Then, York, be still awhile, till time do serve.Watch thou and wake when others be asleep,To pry into the secrets of the state.Till Henry, surfeiting in joys of love,With his new bride and Englands dear-bought queen,And Humphrey with the peers be fallen at jars.Then will I raise aloft the milk-white rose,With whose sweet smell the air shall be perfumed,And in my standard bear the arms of YorkTo grapple with the house of Lancaster;And force perforce Ill make him yield the crownWhose bookish rule hath pulled fair England down.

No New Taxes. This Is A Quote That Most All Of Us Remember From The 19

"No new taxes." This is a quote that most all of us remember from the 1992 presidential election. Along with it we remember that there were new taxes during that presidents term in office. There are a myriad of promises made and things done in a presidential election year that have questionable motives as to whether they are done in the best interest of the people or in the interests of the presidential candidate. These hidden interests are one of the biggest problems with the political aspects of government in modern society. One of the prime examples of this is the Vietnam War. Although South Vietnam asked for our help, which we had previously promised, the entire conflict was managed in order to meet personal political agendas and to remain politically correct in the world's eyes rather than to bring a quick and decisive end to the conflict. This can be seen in the selective bombing of Hanoi throughout the course of the Vietnam War. Politically this strategy looked very good. Howe ver, militarily it was ludicrous. War is the one arena in which politicians have no place. War is the military's sole purpose. Therefore, the U. S. Military should be allowed to conduct any war, conflict, or police action that it has been committed to without political interference or control because of the problems and hidden interests which are always present when dealing with polit United States involvement in the Vietnam War actually began in 1950 when the U. S. began to subsidize the French Army in South Vietnam. This involvement continued to escalate throughout the 1950's and into the early 1960's. On August 4, 1964 the Gulf of Tonkin incident occurred in which American Naval Vessels in South Vietnamese waters were fired upon by North Vietnam. On August 5, 1964 President Johnson requested a resolution expressing the determination of the United Sates in supporting freedom and in protecting peace in southeast Asia ( Johnson ). On August 7, 1964, in response to the presidenti al request, Congress authorized President Johnson to take all necessary measures to repel any attack and to prevent aggression against the U. S. in southeast Asia ( United States ). The selective bombing of North Vietnam began immediately in response to this resolution. In March of the following year U. S. troops began to arrive. Although the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution specifically stated that we had no military, political, or territorial ambitions in southeast Asia, the interests back home were quite a different story ( Johnson ). The political involvement in Vietnam was about much more than just promised aid to a weak country in order to prevent the spread of communism. It was about money. After all, wars require equipment, guns, tools and machinery. Most of which was produced in the United States. It was about proving America's commitment to stop communism. Or rather to confine communism in its present boundaries But most of all it was about politics. The presidential politica l involvement in Vietnam had little to do with Vietnam at all. It was about China for Eisenhower, about Russia for Kennedy, about Washington D.C. for Johnson, and about himself for Nixon ( Post ). The last two of which were the major players in America's involvement in regards to U. S. Troops being used ( Wittman ). The military involvement in Vietnam is directly related to the political management of the military throughout the war. The military controlled by the politicians. The micro management of the military by the White House for political gain is the primary reason for both the length and cost, both monetary and human, of the Vietnam War ( Pelland ). One of the largest problems was the lack of a clear objective in the war and the support to accomplish it. The predominant military opinion of the military's role in Vietnam in respect to the political involvement is seen in the following quote by General Colin Powell, "If you're going to put into something then you owe the armed forces, you owe the American People, you owe just you're own desire to succeed, a clear statement of what political objective you're trying to achieve and then you put the

Caffeine Extraction from Tea Leaves Essays

Caffeine Extraction from Tea Leaves Essays Caffeine Extraction from Tea Leaves Paper Caffeine Extraction from Tea Leaves Paper Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Leaves Marc Tugaoen, Kristine Vanzuela, Rafael Villanueva, Justeen Wong Department of Chemistry, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines Abstract This experiment has been divided into 4 set-ups, first was the solid-liquid extraction, next was the liquid-liquid extraction, then the sublimation and last was the melting point determination. The solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extraction were both done during the first meeting, the DCM layer was filtered and dried in the evaporating dish and kept inside the locker. The dried was light green, somewhat powdery flakes and was rough, this was purified through sublimation. The %yield of the caffeine was 0. 11%. The last part was determining the melting point of the pure caffeine collected, standard started to melt at 220? and melted completely at 228? while the caffeine started to melt at 228? and completely melted at 231?. Introduction The objectives of the experiment are to a. isolate, purify and characterize caffeine from tea leaves and to b. calculate the percentage yield of caffeine. The active ingredient in the tea and coffee is the caffeine, which is an alkaloid. Alkaloids contain nitrogen and have properties of an organic amine base. Caffeine has a mild stimulating effect on the central nervous system. Caffeine belongs to the family of xanthine, which is known as stimulants. Caffeine is the most powerful xanthine because of its ability to increase alertness, put off sleep and increase ones capacity for thinking. It also relaxes blood vessels and increases urination. Other than tea leaves, caffeine can also be found in coffee, cocoa beans and kola nuts. Tea leaves consist mostly of  cellulose, caffeine, and a small amount of chlorophyll. The solubility of caffeine in water is 22 mg/ml at 25 ·C, 180 mg/ml at 80 ·C, and 670 mg/ml at 100 ·C. [1] There have been several concerns about the health risks of caffeine, although scientists have already said that normal consumption of caffeine doesn’t increase health risks. Many consumers still try to avoid caffeine, and because of these reason that decaffeinating coffee and tea has been an important industrial process. [2] Extraction is the technique we use to separate organic compounds from a mixture of compounds. It is the process of obtaining mixture or compound through chemical, physical and mechanical means. Results and Discussion In order to extract the caffeine from the tea leaves the solid-liquid extraction and liquid-liquid extraction were done first. During the solid-liquid extraction of caffeine from the tea leaves water was used because its cheap and nontoxic. Caffeine is only slightly soluble in  hot water, and nearly insoluble in  cold water, making it easy to get it to partition into a better solvent [4]. The aqueous layer was added with the dichloromethane or CH2Cl2 to easily extract caffeine since it’s more soluble in CH2Cl2. To make sure that the solvent moves in all the tea leaf particles to extract caffeine, the separatory funnel was gently shaken. The stopcock was also slightly opened to let out any pressure. Sodium hydroxide was used to make sure that other substances, which are slightly soluble to dichloromethane, are eliminated by converting them to their salts that remain in the water [5]. The boiled tea leaves had two layers the aqueous and the CH2Cl2 layer, and these two were separated, this is the liquid-liquid extraction part. The liquid-liquid extraction resulted in a CH2Cl2 layer which was kept in the evaporating dish and dried. Fig. 1 CH2Cl2 Layer (lower) and Aqueous Layer (upper) Fig. 2 Filtered DCM layer in an evaporating dish The crude caffeine was colored light green, somewhat powdered flakes and had a rough texture. Fig. 3 Dried DCM layer According to Wikipedia. org sublimation refers to the process of transition of a substance from the  solid  phase to the  gas  phase without passing through an intermediate liquid  phase. Sublimation process was done to purify the crude caffeine; this was a delicate part because we must be careful in handling the test tube for the purified caffeine might fall from its attachment into the test tube. The purified caffeine was colored white, fine, and also somewhat powdery and flakey. Fig. 4 Purified caffeine during sublimation Table 1. Characteristics of Crude and Purified Caffeine| | Color| Appearance| Size| Crude| Light green| Powdery, flakes| fine| Purified| White| Powdery, flakes| fine| The last part was the melting point determination. In this part we are able to tell the purity of the caffeine through the range of the melting point. Table 2. Melting point of Caffeine and Standard| | T1| T2| T1-T2| Caffeine| 228| 231| -3| Standard| 220| 228| -8| Based on the result caffeine is more pure than the standard because the range of its melting point is less compared to the standard. Table 3. Weight of Tea Leaves and Pure Caffeine| Tea leaves| 5. 3692g| Vial w/ cap| 29. 6286g| Vial w/o cap| 27. 8898g| Vial (w/cap) and Caffeine| 29. 6343g| Caffeine| 0. 0057g| Based on the data above the percent yield we got was 0. 11% Experimental Three teabags were opened; tea leaves were combined and weighed. After weighing the tea leaves were returned in the tea bags and were secured with strings and staple wire. Teabags were then boiled in 100ml water for 5 minutes. Fig. 5 Boiling tea leaves Fig. 6 Boiled tea The side of the flask was cooled in running water for 2 minutes. Then the ice cube was mixed in the teas extract cooling to room temperature. The tea extract was then transferred in the separatory funnel which has 20ml of CH2Cl2. Separatory funnel was gently shaken in an upside down manner and the stopcock was also opened a bit to release pressure. The CH2Cl2, lower layer was drained into a clean flask. This extraction was done twice. Then all CH2Cl2 portions were combined, the aqueous layer was discarded. The combined CH2Cl2 was returned into the separatory flask; 20ml of 6M NaOH was added. The aqueous layer was discarded and the CH2Cl2 was put in an evaporating dish, the top was covered with aluminum foil which has some perforations, and it was kept in the locker to let it dry. Fig. 7 Tea extract being transferred into the separatory funnel The next step was the sublimation, to purify the crude caffeine. The crude caffeine was transferred in a filter tube with a fitted inner test tube which served as the ‘cold finger’; this was put into a hot air bath for about 35 minutes. The cold finger was constantly filled with ice water. Fig. 8 Sublimation set-up, hot air bath The inner tube was carefully removed, the caffeine clinging into the cold finger was scraped off kept in a vial and weighed. The last procedure was the melting point determination. In this part, first the caffeine was grinded into a very fine powder. An end of a capillary tube was sealed by heating it, while rotating at 45? angle from the blue portion of the Bunsen burner flame. Using the open end of the capillary tube, pulverized caffeine crystal was scoop, and the height was 0. 5cm. To pack the caffeine well at the bottom of the capillary tube, we let it fall inside a 1m glass tubing. Once it was well packed it was fastened with the thermometer and standard using a rubber. The thermometer was clamped and dipped into a beaker filled with cooking oil. It was heated using the Bunsen burner and a loop of #12 copper wire was used to make sure the heat of the cooking oil is distributed; we also made sure that the capillary tube did not directly touch the beaker so it wouldn’t burn. The melting point of the standard and the caffeine was observed and recorded. Fig. 9 Cooking oil stirred with copper wire to distribute heat Appendix %yield = wt. caffeine (g)wt. tea leaves g x 100 %yield = 0. 0057g5. 3692g x 100 %yield = 0. 11% References: [1] angelfire. com/blog/caffeinechem/ [2] spot. pcc. edu/~chandy/241/CaffeineExtractionCH2CCl2. pdf [3] scribd. com/doc/35716872/Extraction-of-Caffeine-from-Tea-Leaves [4 ]http://answers. yahoo. com/question/index? qid=20090721101813AALFlRu [5] Garcia, G. (2005). Laboratory Experiments in Organic Chemistry. University of Santo Tomas, Manila.

Critical analysis paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Critical analysis paper - Assignment Example n of this is an extremely dynamic system of world politics that triggers massive changes for every little disturbance in virtually all sectors (Howarth 78). Referring to world politics, the recent past has seen a handful of events that is already shaping international perspectives. The Arab Spring is a key event that spurred an entire revolution in the Arab world. The Spring saw demonstrations and protests to the authorities that eventually necessitated some of them to relinquish power. Violence escalated, and the public outcry for a change in regime and system of governance could not be ignored. Quite evidently, the discomfort occasioned to the authorities as a consequence of the Arab Spring may have been hard to ignore, but again, it is not like they had any choice. A case in point is the Libyan dictator Gaddafi, who tried to ignore the revolutionary wave and was dislodged from power in very unceremonious circumstances. In a similar vein, Egypt’s Hosni Mubarak found himself facing a revolt in what came to be known as the Egyptian revolution of 2011. He however gave in to pressure and quit power. The aggressive nature of Egyptians resurfaced in 2013 when they staged protests against the then president as a result of discontent with the administration. Elections held in 2014 were touted as the most democratic in the recent past for a nation known for political instability. The current president won with a resounding 97% of the votes cast. Definitely from this figures, one can unearth a trend of dislodging individuals who are more inclined towards tyrant behavior from power, and vesting leadership rights upon those that appear to represent their wishes and aspirations fully. A sharp contrast to the above two scenarios is seen when evaluating the US and European elections. The European and U.S elections were marred with little violence, and it was more of a peaceful transition. The prevalence of peace, however, was a consequence of free and fair elections in

The Responsible Parties for Samuel's Death Research Paper

The Responsible Parties for Samuel's Death - Research Paper Example The elders, who passed them by, disapproved of their actions but did nothing about it. According to the first element that was responsible for Sam’s death, the lady felt too embarrassed to warn the boys of the impending danger. The lady wanted to caution them to be careful but for fear of embarrassment that they might laugh at her she said nothing. Her embarrassment is one of the chief elements that were responsible for Samuel’s death because if she had acted immediately she could have averted a tragedy. All she did was to say -â€Å"You boys will be hurt. You will be 1 killed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Paley 356). According to Paley (355) the woman was more concerned about herself and her embarrassment, than the boys. â€Å"She wasn't afraid they'd hit her, but she was afraid of embarrassment.† Regarding the second element that was responsible for Samuel’s death, the man had pulled the emergency brake with the idea of safety in his mind. However, according to the ex planation given in the story, the actions of the man could either be morally right or wrong. Never at any point did he realize what the outcome of his actions would be.

Will come into handsome property Essay Example for Free

Will come into handsome property Essay Pip is very un-happy with his life, Pip loves Estella however Estella is just enticing him. Pip has been affected by Estella, Estella has made Pip feel he is common and so he decides to acquire an education. Pip turns to Biddy for support as she is well educated and he admires her with great respect. Pip has always wanted to work in a blacksmiths however he reconsiders this and thinks about the lifestyle. Our sympathy for Pip grows as we realise how un-happy he is in his place in life. Pips education is limited. He attends an evening school in the village run by Mr Wopsles Great Aunt. Usually Pip has to teach himself how to read, write and do simple sums as the teacher sleeps through the lesson. Learning to read and write does not come easily to Pip; he does not receive any help at home either. We feel sympathy for Pip as he wants to learn, however he cannot as he does not get the teaching and help he needs. Dickens does this to show how Pips home life is bad; although Joe would want to help Pip he cannot because he is not very well educated either. A lawyer from London, named Jaggers, tells Pip that the boy has great expectations and will come into handsome property. Jagger says that Pip must come to London and start his education with Mr.Pocket immediately. Pip is impatient to leave for London and begin his new life. Pip is already starting to act in a superior way; Dickens makes the readers feel distanced from Pip, due to the way he is acting. Pip says goodbye to Joe and Biddy and takes the coach to London, only then does Pip realise he might have behaved ungratefully to Joe. Pip arrives in London and is disappointed by the ugliness of it. Pip believed he was going to a paradise but is now seeing the complete opposite. Pip gets taken to Jaggers office and Jaggers tells him that he is going to stay in Barnards Inn and then going to Mr.Pockets father to see if it suits him there. Jaggers tells Pip about his allowance and then tells Wemmick to take Pip to Barnards Inn. Dickens creates sympathy towards Pip as Pip is being treated like a parcel. Jaggers spends no time on Pip and is being pragmatic towards Pip. Pips behaviour in London makes the readers feel distanced form the main character. Pip acts snobbishly and starts to show off about his Great Expectations. Pips education proceeds well but we are seeing the beginnings of Pips extravagance with money, Pip soon gets into debt as he is not used to the lifestyle. Jaggers invites Pip to dine with him and tells him to bring Herbert, Drummle and Startop. Bentley Drummle is a fellow student at Matthew Pockets. He shows himself to be bad tempered, condescending and unsociable. Drummle is a rival for Pip and there rivalry is for Estellas affection. At the party Drummle begins to boast and behave in an unpleasant manner. Jaggers soon realises that Drummle is trouble and nicknames him spider. Charles Dickens uses the adjectives idle proud niggardly and suspicious to describe Drummle. The author uses negative vocabulary to manipulate the reader about Drummle. We get the impression that all Drummle wants is attention and that also Dickens has created the character to be disliked. After the party Pip goes and says his apologies to Jaggers, this shows that Pip is transforming into a Gentleman. Pip receives a letter from Biddy, to say that Joe is coming to London. Pip doesnt want Joe to visit and says Not with pleasure. Pip has become ashamed of his background and so doesnt want Joe to visit. Joes visit is embarrassing and awkward as the blacksmith feels out of place. Joe upsets Pip by calling him Sir. Joe feels awkward like he did in Miss Havishams house, he fiddles with his hat and looks around the room and clearly displays his nerves, which creates a tense atmosphere. Dickens uses Joes visit to make the readers feel distanced from the main character as Pip has become a snob and has begun to deceive himself. Joe refuses Pips invitation to dinner and suggests that Pip would see him in a better light if he visited the forge. Dickens creates sympathy towards Pip however we still feel slightly distanced from the protagonist of the novel. Pip feels upset by Joes sudden departure but also feels ashamed of Joe and his background.

Cognitive Theory Essay -- Essays Papers

Cognitive Theory There is no one way to learn! Throughout life is faced with many different learning experiences. Some of these experiences have made a better impact than others on different people. At one time in everyone’s life one has seen or have been the child who will attempt to read a single page from a book and become so frustrated and disorientated because she or he does not comprehended nor can one retell what one has just read. This was me, the child who struggled and just did not understand what I was reading. My teachers would present reading material and I would have to read it countless times and sometimes still I did not understand what the reading passage was about. However, with time I started to develop step by step process to help me better understand what I was reading, and finally it all came together. One way to help things to come together for a person is through the Cognitive Theory. The Cognitive Theory presents different theories for the way that one can be taught in different subjects, the different types of learners, and advantages of understanding the process in which one can go through to learn better. There are several different ways in which one learns. One way to learn is by adapting the cognitive style which sets a structure that one should go through a process of perceiving, thinking, problem solving and remembering. James Poon identifies two different types of learning approaches associated with the cognitive theory, reflective and impulsive. â€Å"Reflective individuals tend to be analytical, cautious, accurate, and slow in their approach to problem solving† (66). Poon also says that â€Å"reflective individuals are found to be an effective predictor of an academic achievement in first grade... ...s full potential. In addition one can waste his or her whole life trying to learn and never realize there is a process that one must adapt to before everything will make sense and one will completely understand what one is learning. In addition one must remember that everyone is different, therefore this particular style is not for everyone. When follows The Cognitive Theory one can define a different way to learn in particular core subjects, the different types of learners, and some advantages that come available when one changes. In today’s society Americans have create a place where everything revolves around money, with the smartest people obtaining the most amount of money. The lawyers, chemical engineers and doctors are the role models of today’s society but within each of these fields each individual has establish a learning style, to help one to succeed.

The Effects of Drugs on Our Society and Youths

While most People use drugs to help, some choose to abuse them. This is what leads to crime, and it affects our kids and society. The increasing phenomenon of drug abuse in society impacts American society in ways that economically cost society almost $100 billion a year. Illegal drug use has to stop! It hurts the society, it hurts us, and mainly, it hurts the user. Drug users feed of society’s money, insurance, and taxes. If we let this behavior continue the crime rate will shoot sky high. Drug use has increased over the years at an alarming rate and can be fatal to a person’s health. In this paper, I haven’t chosen to elaborate on any particular drug; just drugs in general and the effects they have on our society and our youths. A survey was conducted and showed that most people found it to be true that youths between the of 14-22 use recreational drugs. Recreational drugs are not limited to any particular group in society, meaning that a very wide variety of people choose to use the drugs; including teenagers, parents, business people, and often very dedicated students. As we possess an interest in how drugs affect a number of social groups. These groups range from teens to high-class elderly individuals who will have different reasons. It is generally known that most drugs do have negative effects on people. No matter race, sex, or age. Addiction is blind Drugs are substances used without medical supervision to alter a person’s feelings, or behavior, especially teens with a family history of substance abuse. Most drug use begins in the preteen and teenage years. During these years, teens are faced with difficult tasks of discovering their self-identity, learning to cope with authority, and searching for something positive that would give their life meaning. One of the most important reasons of teenage drug usage, is peer pressure. This is what represents social influences that effect teens. It could have a negative or positive effect, depending on a person’s social group. References The Journal of Early Adolescence, Vol. 14, No. 1, 24-48 (1994), Retrieved August 4, 2009 from http:/drugsandyouth. adolescence. com

Importance of Creating Awareness of Hepatitis B & C at Schools

Importance of Creating Awareness of Hepatitis B C at Schools Hepatitis awareness is an important part of school education, especially in high schools. Hepatitis BC play significant role in our lives. Today’s school children are in the risk group of these two totally unrelated viruses. Policy makers usually recommend schools to contribute to disseminating of information and education on viral hepatitis. Thus, such education would be a sort of social vaccine and serve as a preventing tool. More than 4,5 million Americans have chronic Hepatitis B or C, which are the major reasons for liver cancer. Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver characterized by the presence of inflammatory cells in the tissue of the organ. We all know that it is vital organ that is important for nutrition and blood filtering. Heavy alcohol use, toxins, some medicines and medical conditions can cause hepatitis, but it is most often caused by a virus. Hepatitis B and C can develop into lifelong, chronic illness, unlike Hepatitis A, which appears in acute form only. Hepatitis B or C can be spread through blood or semen. This usually happens through sexual contact or sharing needles. It can not be spread through hugging, kissing, holding hands, breastfeeding, coughing or sneezing. Viral Hepatitis can be prevented. To prevent the Hepatitis B one can get vaccinated. Unfortunately, there is no vaccine for Hepatitis C. This is why one should be careful not to share needles or other equipment to inject drugs or steroids, not to use personal items that can have contact with infected blood, not to get tattoos or body piercing at unlicensed facilities. Viral hepatitis is very serious. Over 15% of people with this infection develop liver damage, cirrhosis or liver cancer. When the virus is detected early, many people can get lifesaving treatment that can limit the illness development and prevent cancer deaths.